Learning Theories- “Modern”
Behaviorism
PSY FPX 6100 Assessment 4 The main issue in behaviorism is the relationship between response and stimuli. Students are viewed as reactive organisms conditioned by the environment. This theory posits that students are primarily operating on the surface and lack the capacity to engage in deeper processing.
Cognitivism
Cognitivism shifts the focus to higher-level cognitive activities such as problem-solving, information processing, and critical thinking. It is concerned with knowing that pupils know and how they acquired this knowledge. Pupils are considered to be capable of applying knowledge to new contexts.
Constructivism
PSY FPX 6100 Assessment 4 Constructivism is concerned with students actively constructing meaning from their own experience. Under this theory, students must have direct experiences to best understand and internalize information. Behavior is believed to be governed by each individual’s subjective view of what occurs.
Appropriate Instruction
Behaviorism
Teaching under behaviorism is entirely about systematic presentation and reinforcement of the proper response through practice.
Cognitivism
Cognitivist teaching is focused on making knowledge relevant and congruent with the students’ existing mental frameworks. Methods such as mapping and advanced organizers are employed to facilitate learning.
Constructivism
Constructivist teaching presents concepts from various perspectives, encourages reflective consciousness, and focuses highly on the active learners within the learning process.
Fundamental Elements
Guided Instruction
Constructivism
Guided instruction is learning in real settings with activities related to the learning outcomes. Guided instruction provides active involvement and real-world use of skills, for instance, practicing interviewing skills to develop competence.
Pros
Guided Instruction
Constructivism
Guided instruction in constructivism is centered on the role of experience in building learning. Students learn information based on their experiences and cultural context, allowing them to better understand concepts.
Cons
Guided Instruction
Constructivism
A disadvantage of constructivist-led instruction is the potential difficulty for students to transfer knowledge beyond personal interpretations. This may hinder broader perspectives or applications.
(Own Thoughts)
PSY FPX 6100 Assessment 4 Learning Theories
References
Capella University. (Year). Guidelines for Effective PowerPoint Presentations.https://www.cdc.gov/
Ertmer, P. A., & Newby, T. J. (2013). Behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism: Comparing critical features from an instructional design perspective. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 26(2), 43–71.https://www.psychologynoteshq.com/
